I publish Map Image Layers to our most accessed maps as to group categories of layers, such that layers like washes and flood plains are collapsed under Hydrology. Today I overwrote the map image layer to update it and one layer in the group now will not display in past 1:36,112. There are no limits set on the layer's visibility both in Pro before uploading or on the online map after.
Before After

The disappearing layer when uploaded as a feature service displays fine and as you can see from the second image the layer is there and selectable, just invisible.