There is a similar thread that seems to echo the same issue.
Windows Installation of ArcGIS Monitor fails before completion.
Calling @ Derek Law !
Similar issues:
https://community.esri.com/t5/arcgis-monitor-questions/arcgis-monitor-2023-1-upgrade-failure-there-is-a/td-p/1285852
Just before this error, there are some CMD windows that 'flash' past...

anyone know the fix?
Attempts:
Ran using elevated permissions - no change
Ran using admin account - no change
Ensure the prior 10.8 install is NOT running in Windows Services (as per directions by ESRI)
Ensure the Prior MongoDB Install is not running in windows services
Event Logs do not provide any meaningful information.