If you're logging in the same way as you would on the web for ArcGIS Online, like the same steps, then it should work.
If there are still issues, sometimes the internal browser the Survey123 Field App has issues with the single sign on stuff that organizations have, so you could go into the app settings (top right corner with the icon of a person), Connections, and Add Connection, type in the organization's URL and select the Use external browser for sign in option. This will cause the sign in to open in whatever your device's default browser is. We had to do this for our organization on the iOS app to get around an issue with 2FA.