Oh! I'm sorry, I misunderstood your original post. Unfortunately, date filters use the full timestamp, so the only way to do what you want is to have additional fields for the date parts, or else use a Data Expression to reshape the data.
It's possible you could calculate a separate date field in which all features share the same placeholder year, then have a second field that could treat the year as a category. This would let you chart your data the way you describe.
- Josh Carlson
Kendall County GIS