A shapefile might retain the shape_length field. Shape_length and shape_area are maintained by featureclasses (eg in a gdb), but the code for
arcgis.GeoAccessor.from_featureclass
may not maintain it. Look at the code in your installation for
C:\... your install dir ...\bin\Python\envs\arcgispro-py3\Lib\site-packages\arcgis\features\geo\_io\fileops.py
lines 666-682. If you are running in an environment that has arcpy installed it attempts to read the length and area field... If your environment doesn't have arcpy installed, it will fail to retrieve them.
... sort of retired...