Is this 3D data or all the strata polygons in the same plane (overlapping strata polygons)?  With the assumption I guess that the borehole would be at a depth to intersect any of the strata i.e. no strata polygons are at a depth which the borehole wouldn't get to?

If you want a physical output table you could use https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/analysis/tabulate-intersection.htm which will give you a count of intersections for each strata type, with a new row/record created for each strata type. 

To get that table in the format you've described, you can then use https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/data-management/pivot-table.htm to transform those rows into columns.