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Point to Nearest Polygon

MatthewNickeson

I have a map with a layer of point locations throughout the US and a layer of polygon sectors. All of the US is contained within a sector. I am trying to find the closest polygon to each location by driving distance and driving time. I haven't been able to find the functionality that will allow this analysis since each location is contained within a polygon. Does anyone have any insights whether this is possible and if it is how it could be done?

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MatthewNickeson

The polygons range in size from most of a western state like WY to several dividing a city. They are administrative areas and there are values for each of the polygons that I want to compare to the one in which it currently resides. (i.e., the closest polygon to facility A is polygon X. polygon X has a higher value M than the polygon facility A is currently in). I need to find this by drive time and drive distance from the facility to the edge of the polygon. Basically that means that I can't use a central point or points on vertices because there is too much precision loss. I hope this makes sense. I wish I could just share the file but that's not possible currently.

XanderBakker

How large is the polygon and what does it represent?

MatthewNickeson

That was my initial inclination to try but it results in an error. The program indicates that the nearest location field must be a point for driving distance when I attempt to run it as such. My nearest location is a polygon which is the crux of my issue.

jskinner

Hi Matthew,

If you have an ArcGIS Desktop license you will have an ArcGIS Online subscription. Not sure if you, or anyone in your organization, has activated this, but if so you can use the Find Nearest analysis tool. You can specify Drive Times as a the measurement.

Note: This tools will use credits. With 3,500 points you will be charged 1,750 credits to perform this analysis.

MatthewNickeson

I do have network analysis but I don't see a way to utilize it because of the issues as stated above.

DanPatterson_Retired

But you don't have the Network Analyst which is the major issue since you require driving distance.

MatthewNickeson

Thanks Jayanta, see my reply to Dan Patterson below for why this solution doesn't work in my instance.

MatthewNickeson

I have arcGIS Pro Advanced with spatial analysis. Near will not work because I need drive distance and drive time. Unfortunately centroids will not work as the precision required is at least a mile. The main problem I have is finding the driving distance/time to the nearest polygon. If the points were not already contained in a polygon a Spatial Join set to closest and driving distance would be perfect. There are about 3,500 points and 450 polygons so removing the resident polygon is not a practical option. I would share the file or more specifics but the material is sensitive. I am reasonably new to GIS so please let me know if I can provider a better explanation. Thank you for the replies.

DanPatterson_Retired

To get road drive times and distance you would require the network analyst extension.

How detailed of a solution do you need? As Jayanta suggests, the Near tool or Near as Table (if you have the license otherwise http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=f96ede37dcd04c2e96dc903a4ce26244) using polygon centroids would probably suffice for a continental scale study ... at least in the first instance.

Perhaps some elaboration on what you are trying to achieve in the end would help with further suggestions

JayantaPoddar

Did you try Near—Help | ArcGIS Desktop ?

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