I had symbology that was designed in ArcPro and uploaded to AGOL through a hosted feature service that has now been wiped out in AGOL. This symbology has been working without issue for about a year and a half now without issue for other hosted feature services.
The following is what the symbology used to look like. The original map in AGOL is retaining the symbology.

However, the visualization page for the same layer now only displays a single grey line.

When adding the hosted feature layer to a new map it is also not honoring the symbology that was originally set.

This specific hosted feature service was put on AGOL at the end of September 2023. I am not sure when AGOL wiped out the symbology as I am noticing it today, but I suspect the recent update may be the reason.