I've noticed this issue on multiple times, and seems time to troubleshoot. Thsi time, simply added a layer to the map - a polygon with ~40 features. Relatively small features, about the size of a house or pretty large house. For some inexplicable reason I can only see them when zoomed in to a particular and arbitrary scale or scale range which changes per feature in the feature class.
There are NO scale constraints on the Visibility range set in Properties
ex1) Zoom to objid5 -then scroll wheel out one zoom-in to 1:856. Visible!

ex2) see its neighbor objid6?

2a) zoom in to objid6 (right click --> Zoom to Feature. 1:292

In ex1 - I R-click on feature in table--> Zoom to Feature --> see nothing --> zoom out two scrolls 1:856, and the features appear.
In ex2/ex3) however (polygon in ex1's neighbor) I R-click on feature in table--> Zoom to Feature (1:292) --> see the feature! --> zoom out multiple times. It remains visible to approx. 4th scroll (1:1,743), after which the feature disappears. Note that the first scroll back to 1:457 from 1:292 (Zoom to Feature) the feature disseapers. But then reappears for the 3 more zoom outs (scroll wheel) to 1:1,743
ex4) 1:457

ex5) 1:1700ish

ArcGIS Pro 2.8.2