Steps to recreate:
Go to the Symbology of a feature class. Select Unique Values. Field 1 defaults to anything with the word "Name" in it or it defaults to the ID field. If it picks the ID field, you have to wait for it to list each value with their own color. Then when it is done, you can click the drop-down box and select the field that YOU want.
Real world example:
I have a feature layer that represents tifs and has over 500 records. It has a FileName field with the file name of the tif. Each record is unique. The Symbology pane picks this field. What I want is my QC field.
I'm using ArcGIS Pro 2.9.5.