Edited.
As far as I know, there isn't a way to select rows in a file geodatabase attribute table where there are duplicates in a certain column. The docs say it can't be done using SQL since FGDB SQL is limited. Could FGDB SQL be enhanced?
I'm aware of the Find Identical (Data Management) geoprocessing tool. But I think that tool creates a separate table. Whereas I want to select rows in the attribute table.