This is not currently possible. When adding a shapefile you create features in a feature layer which are stored in the map, and no longer have a relationship with the source. Best bet currently is to publish features via ArcGIS Server to enable editing of the source location, or use hosted feature services (currently in beta).
Les membres connectés peuvent publier, suivre les mises à jour, et plus encore. Nouveau ici ? Inscrivez-vous gratuitement.
Find useful guides, FAQs, and documents to help you navigate and make the most of Esri Community.