[This is not really a question because I managed to solve the issue, but it might help others]
Hi,
I'm running ArcGisPro3.6 on win10 and I've had the exact same issue that is reported here:
https://support.esri.com/en-us/knowledge-base/problem-layers-fail-to-display-in-pdf-exported-from-arc-000034459
I have a raster layer which is perfectly well displayed in the map and layout views. The issue appears when trying to export this raster layers.
However, none of the proposed fixes on that problem page worked for me.
I also tried every possible export and print option for pdf and raster, and even just capturing the map to clipboard. Nothing worked. The raster layer content never appeared, just a white blank in it's place.
This is an example of the issue (the white part in the map should have been the raster):
The only fix was converting the original raster file from .png to .jpg and reimporting it to my project (I used the original png's control points to make georeferencing straightforward). ( I also have other pngs in the same project that all work fine ).
Hope this can help someone :)