I was able to publish and overwrite geocoding services fine with ArcGIS Pro 3.5.
As of Pro 3.6, when publishing to server 11.5+, Geocode is not appearing as an allowed operation.

Even with everything checked, I have to go into Server Manager after publishing and manually check Geocode on under Operations Allowed so that my applications don't break. Otherwise, if you try to use Find Address Candidates on the REST endpoint, it just says "requested operation is not supported by this service".

I put a support ticket in about this, but I was told it was "as designed." That doesn't seem good, though, as it breaks the ability to use the geocoding service in my applications to search for addresses.