I am developing .pyt Python Tools with pre-existing code that I am porting into the .pyt format.
The Python code works when scripts are executed within Custom Toolboxes (.atbx), and as standalone python scripts from command prompt or my IDE (PyCharm). When I include some custom classes and functions in the .pyt from the scripts and run I get this error: ERROR 001683: Found Python 2 to 3 errors. Below is the error message and concise reproducible .pyt examples of the type of issue demonstrating error and success (following recommended edit).
I also tested the relevant error and success snippets in an .ipynb where both return the same output. Why does the .pyt error out from this code difference when the .ipynb and other Python environments do not?

success .pyt:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import arcpy
class Toolbox:
def __init__(self):
"""Define the toolbox (the name of the toolbox is the name of the
.pyt file)."""
self.label = "Toolbox"
self.alias = "toolbox"
# List of tool classes associated with this toolbox
self.tools = [Tool]
class Tool:
def __init__(self):
"""Define the tool (tool name is the name of the class)."""
self.label = "success"
self.description = ""
def getParameterInfo(self):
"""Define the tool parameters."""
params = []
return params
def isLicensed(self):
"""Set whether the tool is licensed to execute."""
return True
def updateParameters(self, parameters):
"""Modify the values and properties of parameters before internal
validation is performed. This method is called whenever a parameter
has been changed."""
return
def updateMessages(self, parameters):
"""Modify the messages created by internal validation for each tool
parameter. This method is called after internal validation."""
return
def execute(self, parameters, messages):
"""The source code of the tool."""
main()
return
def postExecute(self, parameters):
"""This method takes place after outputs are processed and
added to the display."""
return
d_test = {
'1':1,
'2':2
}
def main():
for item in list(d_test.values()): #line not causing error
print(item)
arcpy.AddMessage(str(item))
error .pyt:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import arcpy
class Toolbox:
def __init__(self):
"""Define the toolbox (the name of the toolbox is the name of the
.pyt file)."""
self.label = "Toolbox"
self.alias = "toolbox"
# List of tool classes associated with this toolbox
self.tools = [Tool]
class Tool:
def __init__(self):
"""Define the tool (tool name is the name of the class)."""
self.label = "error"
self.description = ""
def getParameterInfo(self):
"""Define the tool parameters."""
params = []
return params
def isLicensed(self):
"""Set whether the tool is licensed to execute."""
return True
def updateParameters(self, parameters):
"""Modify the values and properties of parameters before internal
validation is performed. This method is called whenever a parameter
has been changed."""
return
def updateMessages(self, parameters):
"""Modify the messages created by internal validation for each tool
parameter. This method is called after internal validation."""
return
def execute(self, parameters, messages):
"""The source code of the tool."""
main()
return
def postExecute(self, parameters):
"""This method takes place after outputs are processed and
added to the display."""
return
d_test = {
'1':1,
'2':2
}
def main():
for item in d_test.values(): #line causing error
print(item)
arcpy.AddMessage(str(item))