Since the raster catalogs are no longer available, we now use a catalog dataset to store our georeferenced raster files in the SDE. However, ArcGIS Pro lacks a feature that was available in ArcMap for raster catalogs: drawing rasters when a feature is selected (Draw Selected Order). This feature could be checked in the layer properties under the "Selection" tab (Picture).
Since we work with multiple contents in the catalog dataset that overlap in places, it is not sufficient to set the layer limit to 1, for example, to display the desired raster. It would be desirable to be able to select an explicit feature in the attribute table again, which would then be drawn.