I have installed ArcGIS Maps for Sharepoint on a Sharepoint 2019 Foundation/Server farm, and configured it with a site collection to connect to our ArcGIS 10.8.1 Enterprise. For the most part things work as expected except for one key component: I cannot add our own Enterprise layers (layers hosted on our ArcGIS Server) to the Map web part. I am able to search our organization for layers and show results, but once I click the Add button, it just spins and the layer never adds. However, I can add layers that are hosted on ArcGIS Online (such as Living Atlas or other layers pointing to FeatureServices on a publicly accessible ArcGIS Server).
This would indicate that possibly our Sharepoint servers do not have correct DNS entries for our own Enterprise, but I have confirmed that they do have the correct entries. Furthermore, I cannot find anything in the logs. Has anyone seen this / have any suggestions?