All the IDE needs is the path to the environment and an active license somewhere in your file system. If you can run ArcPro, and your VSCode instance is running on the same filesystem it should work. You'll probably have issues if the VSCode instance is running on the Mac filesystem and ArcPro is installed in the Parallels system.
Those are the functions in the __init__.py for arcpy that do the license checks. They all pass arguments to the program so if the program isn't accessible from your current environment arcpy's import will fail.