Yes, I'm not sure about MXD or PDF but I work with TIF regularly.
Do note, to deploy a app with TIF you will need the standard runtime licensing pack to my knowledge. I am not sure if there is a good work around for this.
Found this to add a Shapefile too! 🙂
https://developers.arcgis.com/net/uwp/sample-code/feature-layer-shapefile/