Hi Derek, thanks for the response. I think I wasn't specific enough in my initial message.
I can upload shapefiles directly to an AGOL map or to my "Content" section. The shapefiles don't match any of the criteria listed in the article you linked (they're zip files, aren't very big, and don't have any corrupted geometries). The upload can proceed without any errors and a hosted feature layer is ostensibly created. However, once I try to access the data table of the hosted feature layer under the "Data" tab, the field names will display but I get a "Data Error." Additionally, when I try adding the layer to a web map, I get an error that the layer can't be drawn.
So, the issue appears to be entirely with the hosted feature layers and not with the underlying shapefile or data since it can be added to an AGOL map directly without a problem. Have you encountered this issue before?
Thanks for your help!