First, look at the following GeoNet case that seems to address a similar issue to yours:
Second, I recommend that you uninstall Visual Studio 2010 in addition to all ArcGIS software, and then reinstall all software afresh in the following order:
1- ArcGIS Desktop
2- Visual Studio
3- ArcObjects SDK for .NET
The ArcObjects SDK must be installed after Visual Studio, not before. This is because the ArcObjects SDK requires that Visual Studio already be installed on your machine so that it integrates with it.