Edits made to building footprints in 'regular' OSM usually appear in OSM in about 24 hours, but when will the new edits appear in Esri's OSM Daylights service?
How often is Esri's OSM Daylights service updated? As of today it says the last update was May 11, 2022: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=fae788aa91e54244b161b59725dcbb2a
Are Microsoft building footprints that can be downloaded here: https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints the same as those listed in Esri's OSM Daylight service?
Who exactly makes edits to Esri's OSM Daylights service?
Have a look at the Daylight Map Distribution. That won't answer all of your questions, but I've asked some other questions related to some of them.
When do OSM edits show up in the Daylight Distribution?
The lag between adding features to OSM and it making it into Daylight's processing cutoff can be a couple of weeks. Related to this, though, is when the latest Daylight makes its way over to Esri's basemaps. That can be another few weeks. In general, assume that OSM edits will show up in the Esri basemaps within 1-2 months.
When is Esri's Daylight service updated?
Maybe Esri's Steven Moore can weight in on this one (can't find his Community profile to @ him), but I would presume it updates at roughly similar intervals to Daylight itself, which is roughly monthly.
Are Daylight's Buildings the same as Microsoft's?
Yes! Or sort of. The two (OSM and MS) are supposedly conflated to avoid overlaps between the two datasets, but I see plenty of overlapping information in the basemap.
Who makes edits to the service?
See that first link. In general, it's OSM editors who edit what shows up in the service, but Daylight does do some of its own QC, which they document very well.