Hi Shana Britt.
No, uploading directly into SDE isn't an option as most of us (ie. end users) do not have Admin rights to the database.
Alternatively, I have been messing with this today and here are some things I am finding (using ArcPro 2.1.3):
1. I can no longer add an .XLS table to ArcPro
2. If I convert the .XLS to a .dbf I can add that to ArcPro and join to the layer, but the layer still will NOT add as a Locate Provider.
3. If I import the .dbf from above into the projects PGDB (in the Home folder), I can join it to the layer, but the layer still will NOT add as a Locate Provider
For all of the above, the feature class I am using is in SDE.