I've found this list in a few community posts but I have been able to attach files of other types (like .DWG) in AGOL. I think this list is only for editing tables in Map Viewer Classic. Does a full list exist out there for what is allowed to be attached with the AddAttachment call? So far I haven't had luck finding it.
7Z, AIF, AVI, BMP, CSV, DOC, DOCX, DOT, ECW, EMF, EPS, GEOJSON, GIF, GML, GPKG, GTAR, GZ, IMG, J2K, JP2, JPC, JPE, JPEG, JPF, JPG, JSON, M4A, MDB, MID, MOV, MP2, MP3, MP4, MPA, MPE, MPEG, MPG, MPV2, PDF, PNG, PPT, PPTX, PS, PSD, QT, RA, RAM, RAW, RMI, SID, TAR, TGZ, TIF, TIFF, TXT, VRML, WAV, WMA, WMF, WMV, WPS, XLS, XLSX, XLT, XML, and ZIP
7Z, AIF, AVI, BMP, CSV, DOC, DOCX, DOT, ECW, EMF, EPS, GEOJSON, GIF, GML, GPKG, GTAR, GZ, IMG, J2K, JP2, JPC, JPE, JPEG, JPF, JPG, JSON, M4A, MDB, MID, MOV, MP2, MP3, MP4, MPA, MPE, MPEG, MPG, MPV2, PDF, PNG, PPT, PPTX, PS, PSD, QT, RA, RAM, RAW, RMI, SID, TAR, TGZ, TIF, TIFF, TXT, VRML, WAV, WMA, WMF, WMV, WPS, XLS, XLSX, XLT, XML, and ZIP.
That is map viewer.
What is allowed, and what is supported, are two very different things. You may be able to upload file types that are not listed above, but they are not supported. This means you may encounter unexpected behaviour down the track.
As an example, you may be able to add a .DWG to a hosted feature layer feature. But going offline in field maps, the sync fails as the SQLite database can't support it. (This is a hypothetical scenario).
I would advise caution on using other attachment types.