How do you connect to your Portal ? Is it with a SSO or with a user/password ? I have encountered this issue with SSO connections from users who work remotely. Usually, the problem is that the users are not properly connected to the network. Windows security then seems to blocks the connection to Portal through ArcGIS Earth, though it is fine with a web browser. I also encountered errors with older computers that didn't use the TLS 1.2 protocol. For instance, ArcGIS Online blocks TLS 1.1 and earlier.
Geoffroy Richer-Lalonde
GIS Specialist, Hydro-Québec