When making a selection with a chart open, a column called 'Selection' appears in Chart Properties. I would think that it would display statistics for your selected features whereas the 'Dataset' column would show stats for the entire dataset. However, with a selection, the 'Selection' column seems to show the same thing as the 'Dataset' column. It would make more sense if the 'Selection' column actually reflected your selection.
In the below example, I select 553 features. The selection column appears and populates statistics for 698 features, which is the entire dataset.