Is there a way to use a Domain to populate an attribute, Attribute1, and at the same time populate another attribute, Attribute2, with a different value? I don’t want to run a script after the fact to accomplish this, but rather, I want to populate Attribute2 automatically, based on the value added to Attribute1.
ArcGIS 10x
Use Subtypes to achieve the following functionality. Refer the following links which might be helpful for you.
http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.3/index.cfm?TopicName=An%20overview%20of%20subtypes
http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/manage-data/subtypes/an-overview-of-subtypes.htm
If this doesn't help with your requirements, provide some more information on your requirement.
Cheers,
RK