You can use the arcpy.mapping.ListLayers function to access the dataSource property. Next you can append this to a list, convert the layers to the new geodatabase, and update the MXD. Ex:import arcpy
from arcpy import env
from arcpy import mapping
env.workspace = r"C:\temp\python"
list = []
mxd = mapping.MapDocument(r"C:\temp\python\test.mxd")
for df in mapping.ListDataFrames(mxd, "*"):
for layers in mapping.ListLayers(mxd, "*", df):
list.append(layers.dataSource)
for n in list:
arcpy.FeatureClassToGeodatabase_conversion(n, r"C:\temp\Test2.gdb")
mxd.replaceWorkspaces(r"C:\Temp\Python", "SHAPEFILE_WORKSPACE", r"C:\Temp\test2.gdb", "FILEGDB_WORKSPACE")
mxd.findAndReplaceWorkspacePaths(r"C:\temp\python\test.gdb", r"C:\temp\test2.gdb")
# mxd.replaceWorkspaces(r"C:\temp\python\test.gdb", "FILEGDB_WORKSPACE", r"C:\temp\python\test.gdb", "FILEGDB_WORKSPACE")
mxd.saveACopy(r"C:\Temp\Project2.mxd")
print "Save Successful"