When calling ExportMap with a JSON return format, an HREF field is included with a URL to the image you requested. After a configured amount of time (maxFileAge), that temp file is deleted. Now after that temp file is deleted, if I call the original query url again I receive a JSON message with the exact HREF field value as in the previous call and navigating to that url returns a 404 file not found error.
BTW, I am calling to the World Imagery service so I have no control over changing server parameters. I am assuming maxFileAge is set to about 5 minutes and I am receiving the same href url up to 60 minutes after the first query. After 60 minutes, I get a new href url with a valid image (again for only 5 minutes) and so on.