I have had good luck with ArcMap ("Desktop 10x") and ArcInfo Workstation (AML forever!) under Parallels on my old trusty iMac, but I'm less optimistic with Pro unless you have lots of RAM.
I'm pretty sure I disagree with Stuart's optimism of a Linux version on the horizon. ArcGIS Pro at its core is a Windows WPF (Windows Presentation Framework) app so I don't see a version being available native on unix-like platforms. Arcpy itself and other Esri-flavored applications are not so tied to the os-specific architectures so that is more doable, but Pro is a Windows thing.
Given the extreme hardware requirements of Pro, I do not think it will be very stable or useful unless you are running native (say, BootCamp rather than Parallels, so you have access to all the resources) and have a very high-end Mac platform. I wouldn't even consider running Pro unless you have 8G of RAM available to Windows, and a upper-end display adapter pipeline (i.e. not my 2007 iMac).
I see the new Mac Pro (3.48 lbs!) configures up to 16G RAM, and of course they I always use upper-end Intel processors, so I guess my answer is a qualified yes.
