I closed ArcCatalog and tried again.
This time it got passed the previous error message and looked like it was going to publish the geodata service, but right at the end it gives me this message:
[ATTACH=CONFIG]22828[/ATTACH]
So I hit okay and the Service Editor is still up which I close and it asks me if I want to save a draft which I click No.
Now the weird thing is that I can see the "MyGeoDataService" on the server. So it's like it created it.
[ATTACH=CONFIG]22830[/ATTACH]
But when I try to create a replica from the server, it fails too.
Here are the error messages from the Server log.
[ATTACH=CONFIG]22829[/ATTACH]
We would like to be able to use this feature with clients, so it'd be nice to figure out what's wrong.