I'm at 10.2 and sometimes have this problem. My work around is tho use the Identify tool in the map. I'll identify all the records I want using the shift key to keep adding to the identify window and then I'll go to the top of the identify window to the name of the feature class and right click and select to get the records I'm after
I also had this issue with 10.5.1. Closing the MXD and re-opening the MXD resolved it. This time.
ArcMap 10.4.1, the workaround i've found relies simply on selecting multiple rows with CTRL AND SHIFT at the same time, that somehow works instead of just using SHIFT.
I have users who are experiencing this same issue but it doesn't seem like anyone at Esri has commented on this on any thread I have seen.