I don't think there is a straight forward solution to this, the functionality is currently not part of survey123.
You may be able to sort of replicate the functionality but may take a couple steps.
1. Convert your pipeline line feature to points, keeping all relevant info in the point layer.
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/3.4/tool-reference/data-management/feature-vertices-to-points.htm
2. With point layer create a Thieseen Polygon layer. Ensure the X,Y info for the point is captured in the polygon along with any other relevant info. Host this feature layer so it can be queried.
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/analysis/create-thiessen-polygons.htm
3. With your geopoint question, use pulldata point in polygon to retrieve the X and Y data from your hosted Thieseen polygon feature that the geopoint lands in.
https://community.esri.com/t5/arcgis-survey123-blog/survey123-tricks-of-the-trade-pulldata-quot-laye...
4. Calculate the distance:
https://community.esri.com/t5/arcgis-survey123-blog/calculating-distances-between-multiple-geo-point...
Another thought would be: Have the user identify on a map, the closest pipeline by adding a second (nulled) geopoint question using the pipeline map as the source, then calculate that distance between the two points.
