To my knowledge ArcGIS generally requires a separate SDE user to enable a geodatabase (see here for similar issue). It is not possible to use DBADMIN even if the privileges are sufficient.
The individual steps for creating a geodatabase in SAP HANA can be found as part of the ArcGIS documentation. In particular, you need to pay attention to minimum privileges for the SDE user.
In summary, this should boil down to creating an SDE user and granting CATALOG READ:
CREATE USER SDE PASSWORD <password>;
GRANT CATALOG READ TO SDE;