It is possible to set up symbology in ArcMap before you send the map to the mobile device. If you are doing programatically you have to set up appropriate symbols and uniquevalue renderers. However a strange behaviour I have noticed is if you create symbols within a loop (ie. if you do not know how many unique values a field may have to set up symbology before run time) and add it to your renderer, the mobile device does not change the symbol even if the underlying attribute value is changed. The correct symbology is reflected in ArcMap, after the mobile map is synchronized with the desktop. Mobile map seems to not show the updated symbols unless the desktop map is re-published / re- sent to the mobile.