Hi,
Your observation is correct. layerDefs is only supported by WMS based on map serices. dimensions (other than time) were not supported before.
In 10.3 image service WMS, all dimensions will be are supported. A new "query" parameter is added so users can define a where clause to filter images (just like layerDefs for map service WMS). Both features will be available in the coming up EAP version (Early Adopter Program).