We can share Google maps in this way: just add the following code in your HTML web page, then you view Google maps, zoom in/out,and so on and so forth.
You can do this and much more in various ways. Please read up here on creating web pages with ArcGIS Server map services.
If you are looking for a quick way to get started creating web applications with services coming from ArcGIS Server - check ArcGIS API for Javascript sample over here.
In general, you can consume ArcGIS Server services from any client that can "speak" REST, including multiple open-source platforms.
