I discovered that the problem is not with coded domains but the editor tracking being enabled. When preparing the feature class for the initial publishing, I had "enabled editor tracking" in ArcCatalog, and this created problems when trying to sync ArcMap local edits to the feature service. I rebuilt everything and ensured that I was not tracking edits, and everything seems to work fine now. Mark This worked for me as well. If you have enabled editor tracking on your feature class, disable editor tracking in ArcCatalog and republish the feature service. If you have a date field it may help to review the syntax or not update this attribute unless necessary.
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