I've never been able to get the layer refresh functionality to work with an OGC API connection. I tried all the steps mentioned above by @aj-he but with no success and simply hoped that it would get fixed in some future ArcGIS Pro update but we are now at v3.2 and things are no different. In messing around with the OGC layer properties, I can get a layer to refresh from the server if I change the 'Set the maximum features returned' value. This presumably does fire off a new API request with a LIMIT=n filter. However, if you choose a max feature value that you had previously selected within the same session it will return stale data. This seems to prove that there is internal caching going on but the normal methods for disabling this cache are not working for OGC API connections. It would be great is someone from ESRI could definititively say that this functionality works as there doesn't seem to be much community use so far, so a feature like this might have had limited real-world testing.
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