I also have had the attribute table not display in ArcPro from a downloaded file geodatabase of a feature service hosted online. Check the editor tracking date fields in the Arc Catalog field property window. I had a default date of 12-31-1899. Removed the default value and I can now see the attribute table in ArcPRO. Republished the service with overwrite web service and things seem to back on track. I do not know how I accomplished getting the default values set in the tracking fields. But I am glad to see the attribute table is back. I hope this helps you. John.
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