If you open your sample map in ArcMap, you have the option of going to File -> Share As and selecting either Map Package or Service. If you want all the data accessible to do things on ArcGIS Online, then you will need to create a Map Package. If you would like to use your map as a base map, then publish the map as a service. You will need an ArcGIS Online account to do this, which is free. Your data will then be accessible online and you can choose to share it and do what you would like with it. I am not familiar with ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android, so I can't help you with that.
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