(this is being submitted on behalf of a customer)
In ArcMap, there was "validation" on the editor toolbar, but there is no "validation" check which is available with ArcGIS Pro Basic license.
When I set the range domain, sometimes I can enter the numbers out of the range; for example when I use "Calculate Field" tool to input the values.
Without checking tool which is available with Basic license, users cannot prevent the data inconsistency.
Mitsuyo - this is a known bug in ArcGIS Pro - BUG-000109548 and hopefully be addressed in a future update to the ArcGIS Pro application.